At The Cape, we are committed to the preservation and enhancement of our natural environment. One of our most exciting conservation initiatives involves the Latham’s Snipe (Gallinago hardwickii), an international migratory bird now listed as vulnerable. These remarkable waders travel vast distances between their breeding grounds in Japan and far eastern Russia to their non-breeding habitats in Australia. Their presence at The Cape highlights the ecological importance of our wetlands and underscores our dedication to fostering biodiversity.

What is a Latham’s Snipe?

Latham’s Snipe is a medium-sized wader and the largest snipe species in Australia, with a length of approximately 30 cm, a wingspan of around 52 cm, and a weight ranging from 150 to 200 grams. These birds are characterized by their long, straight bill, short legs, and cryptic plumage, which is intricately marked with barring and chevrons of buff, black, and various shades of brown. The belly and parts of the head are white, and the tail is rufous with a white tip. Their eyes are large and blackish-brown. After the breeding season in Japan, the Latham’s Snipe migrate to Australia to rest, regaining their strength to prepare for their trip back to Japan.

The Latham’s Snipe is often confused with other snipe species found in Australia, such as the Pin-tailed Snipe and Swinhoe’s Snipe. However, Latham’s Snipe is distinguishable by its larger size and the extent of its tail beyond the primary and tertial feathers.

Feeding and Habitat

Latham’s Snipe feeds on a variety of invertebrates, including insects, earthworms, spiders, and occasionally mollusks. They forage by probing soft mud around the margins of wetlands and in the damp soil of grasslands, typically at night. During the day, they roost in grass around the edges of wetlands. They are known for their distinctive, rapid ‘zig-zagging’ flight when flushed from cover.

Why is Latham’s Snipe Vulnerable?

Latham’s Snipe faces significant challenges due to habitat loss and environmental changes. These birds rely on both permanent and ephemeral freshwater or brackish wetlands with low vegetation for roosting and foraging. However, many of these habitats have been drained or modified, leading to a decline in their population. Historically, hunting also posed a major threat, but bans introduced in the late 20th century have mitigated this risk.

Recognising the importance of preserving Latham’s Snipe, a government-funded project has been established to monitor their numbers and habitats. This initiative focuses on key areas in Victoria and ACT, as well as their breeding grounds in Hokkaido, Japan. The project uses various techniques, including observations, habitat monitoring, geolocators, and satellite tracking, to gather valuable data about the species. 

The Cape’s Role in Conservation

David Hartney, a resident and nature enthusiast from The Cape, is leading the monitoring efforts in this area. The Cape is pleased to report an increase in Latham’s Snipe numbers, thanks to the development and expansion of wetlands specifically designed to cater to their needs. The careful planning and planting of additional wetland habitats have provided these birds with an ideal environment to thrive.

Cape Director Brendan Condon said “Latham’s Snipe have been the beneficiaries of sensitive land management, fencing as well as the construction of the habitat wetlands and retention of remnant wetlands at The Cape. Once we were aware we had this special bird in our waterways we moved proposed paths and boardwalk away from core habitats and fenced them, as well as designed and built some bog-like wetlands specifically for these birds. We redesigned elements of our landscape around the behaviour and requirements of Latham’s Snipe and it is wonderful to see them now growing in numbers at the Cape, to the point that their summer population at the Cape is supporting nationally important numbers of these birds into the future.”

“Being involved in this project has been incredibly rewarding,” said David Hartney. “It’s amazing to see these birds come to The Cape’s wetlands, even in close vicinity to housing. This just goes to show how we can coexist with nature and support biodiversity in our communities.”

The success of our habitat creation and protection efforts is evident from the data collected over recent years. “A small dedicated team of residents  take part in three annual surveys to monitor the conservation of the Latham’s Snipe,” said David Hartney. “I enjoy this time where a group of us put on gumboots and waders and walk through the wetlands counting the birds.” By understanding the specific needs of Latham’s Snipe, we have been able to build and plant wetlands that support their survival and growth. This work is now being used as a case study in the design and development of wetlands for Latham’s Snipe. The involvement of local residents and volunteers in these efforts has been crucial, highlighting the importance of community engagement in environmental stewardship.

Our ongoing monitoring project has shown promising results at The Cape:

– 2021 Season Surveys: 15 birds recorded

– 2022 Season Surveys: 18 birds recorded

– 2023 Season Surveys: 43 birds recorded

– 2024 Season Surveys: 56 birds recorded

These numbers reflect the positive impact of our efforts in habitat restoration and protection, showcasing how targeted conservation actions can lead to successful outcomes.

As we continue to monitor and support the Latham’s Snipe population, we remain dedicated to enhancing and preserving their habitats and for other bird and wildlife species. The increase in their numbers is a hopeful sign that with sustained efforts, we can aid in the survival of this vulnerable species. Through continued collaboration and commitment, The Cape aims to be a beacon of successful conservation practices, demonstrating that thoughtful environmental management can lead to thriving wildlife populations.

For more information about Latham’s Snipe, watch this informative video or visit the Latham’s Snipe project.